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Each 2K12 battery comprises of various comparative followed vehicles, one of which conveys the 1S91 (SURN vehicle, NATO assignment "Straight Flush") 25 kW G/H band radar (with a scope of 75 km (47 mi)) furnished with a continuous wave illuminator, notwithstanding an optical sight. The battery typically additionally incorporates four triple-rocket transporter erector launchers (TELs), and four trucks, each conveying three extra rockets and a crane. The TEL depends on a GM-578 skeleton, while the 1S91 radar vehicle depends on a GM-568 case, all created and delivered by MMZ.The 2K12 framework imparts a great deal of segments to the 2K11 Krug (SA-4) framework. From various perspectives they are intended to supplement each other; 2K11 is viable at long ranges and high heights, 2K12 at medium ranges and middle of the road elevations.
The framework can obtain and start following targets utilizing the 1S91 "Самоходная установка разведки и наведения" (SPRGU - "Self-impelled Reconnaissance and Guidance Unit"/NATO: "Straight Flush" radar) at 75 km (47 mi) and start brightening and direction at 28 km (17 mi). IFF is additionally performed utilizing this radar. It can just guide maybe a couple rockets to a solitary focus whenever. The rocket is at first command guided with terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH), with target light gave by the "Straight Flush" radar. Explosion is by means of either the effect or proximity fuze. On the most recent models, this vehicle is additionally fitted with an optical following framework which permits engagement without the utilization of the radar (for dynamic RF discharges stealth reasons, or because of substantial ECM sticking) in which case the compelling elevation is restricted to 14 km/46000 ft. The optical following strategy likewise permits engagements to heights beneath that where the radar can track targets. Greatest target pace is around Mach 2 for head-on engagements and Mach 1 for tail-pursue engagements. Top pace of the rocket is roughly Mach 2.8.
As opposed to the elaborate Patriot missile or even the more straightforward Hawk framework handled by US powers, the vast majority of the framework rides on two followed self-moved vehicles, instead of towed or mounted on trucks, and either the launcher or control vehicle can be set to dispatch in just 15 minutes in the wake of changing location.The genuinely extensive rockets have a viable scope of 4–24 km (2.5–15 miles) and a successful elevation of 50–14,000 m (164–45,931 ft). The rocket weighs 599 kg (1,321 lb) and the warhead weighs 56 kg (123 lb). Top rocket pace is approx. Mach 2.8. The joined drive framework 9D16K included solid fuel rocket motor which, when wore out, structures the burning chamber for a ramjet in a spearheading plan putting this rocket a long ways in front of its peers regarding impetus.
The rocket was fitted with a semi-dynamic radar seeker 1SB4, outlined by MNII Agat, which could track the objective by Doppler recurrence since the begin. Later updates (3M9M3 rocket) could do this before the begin. Boss Designer of the seeker head was Yu.N. Vekhov, since 1960 – I.G. Akopyan.
In 1977 another variant, the 3M9M1 (DoD assignment SA-6B) was made with three rockets fitted onto an alternate frame (the same as that of the 9K37 "Buk" (NATO reporting name "Gadfly"/DoD SA-11 ), the 2K12 compelling substitution) with an incorporated "Flame Dome" rocket direction radar. For examinations between the 2K12, 9K37, see the 9K37 Buk section.
A prior incremental redesign saw the 2K12 rockets supplanted with the 2K12E variants and this framework was known as Kvadrat ("Квадрат", which means square). This name was gotten from the most widely recognized course of action example of the military vehicles of the 2K12 complex, when the 1S91 radar is situated at the middle and 4x2P25 TELs at the vertices of a square around the radar.The improvement of the 2K12 was begun after 18 July 1958 at the solicitation of the CPSU Central Committee. The framework was set the necessities of having the capacity to connect with flying targets flying at paces of 420 to 600 m/s (820–1,170 kn) at elevations of 100 to 7,000 m (330 to 22,970 ft) at reaches up to 20 km (12 mi), with a solitary shot kill probability of no less than 0.7.
The frameworks outline was the obligation of the now Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design (NIIP). Notwithstanding NIIP a few other outline departments were included in the production of the Kub rocket framework including the now JSC Metrowagonmash (previous MMZ)which composed and delivered the body of the self-moved parts. A considerable lot of the outline authorities would later go ahead to co-work in the advancement of the successor to the 2K12 "Kub", the 9K37 "Buk"
To begin with trials of the rocket framework were begun toward the end of 1959 to find a progression of issues:
low power for the rocket radar seeker and gravely planned nose cone,
rocket air gulfs plan disappointment,
low nature of warmth shield inside max engine thrust chamber (titanium was supplanted by steel).
Those disappointments brought about some 'orgchanges': In August 1961 Toropov was supplanted by Lyapin as the Chief Designer of Vympel and in January 1962 Tikhomirov was supplanted by Figurovskiy as the Chief Designer of NIIP. Still, the work wasn't increased. Before 1963 just 11 of 83 rockets let go had the seeker head introduced, just 3 dispatches were effective.
Kub brought down its first ever air focus on February 18, 1963 amid the state trials at Donguz test site, Orenburg Oblast. It was an Ilyushin Il-28 aircraft.
The framework entered a developed testing period somewhere around 1959 and 1966, subsequent to beating the specialized challenges of delivering the 2K12 "Kub" the framework was acknowledged into administration on 23 January 1967 and went into generation that same year.
It is here and there guaranteed that the SA-N-3 Goblet maritime framework is a form of the 3M9 however this is not the situation, as the M-11 Shtorm is a different framework and, curiously for Russian surface-to-air rockets, has no area based variation.
